![]() ![]() Philip felt himself to be culturally Spanish he had been born in Castile and raised in the Castilian court, his native language was Spanish, and he preferred to live in the Spanish kingdoms. While Philip was also an archduke of Austria, he was seen as a foreigner in the Holy Roman Empire. Though Philip had good command over Latin, Spanish, and Portuguese, he never managed to equal his father, Charles V, as a polyglot. Later he would study with more illustrious tutors, including the humanist Juan Cristóbal Calvete de Estrella. Philip displayed reasonable aptitude in arts and letters alike. He was entrusted to the royal governess Leonor de Mascareñas, and tutored by Juan Martínez Siliceo, the future archbishop of Toledo. The culture and courtly life of Castile were an important influence in his early life. He was born in the Castilian capital of Valladolid on at Palacio de Pimentel, which was owned by Don Bernardino Pimentel (the first Marqués de Távara). Historical ceiling preserved in Palacio de Pimentel (Valladolid).Ī member of the House of Habsburg, Philip was the son of Emperor Charles V, who was also king of Castile and Aragon, and Isabella of Portugal. The Baptism of Philip II in Valladolid, Castile. He dresses very tastefully, and everything that he does is courteous and gracious." Philip was married four times all his wives predeceased him. Philip was described by the Venetian ambassador Paolo Fagolo in 1563 as "slight of stature and round-faced, with pale blue eyes, somewhat prominent lip, and pink skin, but his overall appearance is very attractive. ![]() Between 15, nearly 43,000 men left Spain to fight in Italy and the Low Countries (modern-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands). Under Philip, an average of about 9,000 soldiers were recruited from Spain each year, rising to as many as 20,000 in crisis years. The Anglo-Spanish war carried on until 1604, six years after Philip's death. Two more Spanish armadas unsuccessfully tried to invade England in 15. The following year Philip's naval power was able to recover after the failed invasion of the English Armada into Spain. ![]() In 1588, he sent an armada to invade Protestant England, with the strategic aim of overthrowing Elizabeth I and re-establishing Catholicism there, but his fleet was defeated in a skirmish at Gravelines (northern France) and then destroyed by storms as it circled the British Isles to return to Spain. In 1584, Philip signed the Treaty of Joinville funding the French Catholic League over the following decade in its civil war against the French Huguenots. Philip finished building the royal palace El Escorial in 1584.ĭeeply devout, Philip saw himself as the defender of Catholic Europe against the Ottoman Empire and the Protestant Reformation. This policy was partly the cause of the declaration of independence that created the Dutch Republic in 1581. Philip led a highly debt-leveraged regime, seeing state defaults in 1557, 1560, 1569, 1575, and 1596. Under Philip II, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age, and ruled territories in every continent then known to Europeans. The Spanish conquests of the Inca Empire and of the Philippines, named in his honor by Ruy López de Villalobos, were completed during his reign. The son of Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal, Philip inherited his father's Spanish Empire in 1556 and succeeded to the Portuguese throne in 1580 following a dynastic crisis. From 1555, he was Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. He was also jure uxoris King of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554 until her death in 1558. Philip II ( – 13 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent ( Spanish: Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |